What do 'hazardous materials' refer to in aviation law?

The definition of 'hazardous materials' in aviation law is centered around substances that pose a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment. This encompasses a wide range of materials, including flammable liquids, explosive substances, and toxic chemicals, which, if not properly handled or transported, can lead to serious incidents or accidents in aviation. Recognizing and categorizing these materials is crucial for maintaining safety standards in air transport.

In contrast, enhancing aircraft performance does not fit the definition of hazardous materials; instead, it implies an improvement in operation, which does not involve risk factors. Food and beverage items transported on aircraft are generally considered safe for transport and do not fall under the hazardous materials category as they typically do not pose risks to health or safety in the context of aviation. Lastly, common maintenance materials used by airlines might include various substances, but they are not inherently defined as hazardous unless they exhibit dangerous characteristics. Thus, option B accurately encapsulates the essence of hazardous materials in aviation law.